辛格总理呼吁印度商界领导人承担社会责任 (PM Singh Calls for Social Responsibility by India's Business Leaders)

Indian Prime Minister Singh has urged business leaders to ensure that a share of the nation's economic prosperity helps India's poor. At a conference in New Delhi on Thursday, Mr. Singh unveiled a 10-point plan for executives to promote social responsibility. The prime minister asked business leaders to resist the urge to give themselves and their colleagues excessively large salary increases and bonuses. He warned that a growing income disparity between rich and poor could lead to resentment and social unrest.

Mr. Singh, a trained economist, is largely credited with creating the conditions that helped fuel India's economic boom. Living standards have risen sharply for many middle-class Indians, but one-third of the population -- well over 300 million people -- live on less than one dollar a day.

印度总理辛格敦促商界领袖确保经济繁荣的部份成果帮助印度的穷人。辛格星期四在新德里召开的一次会议上公布了一项10点计划，要求企业主管勇于促进社会责任。辛格要求商界领导人抗拒过份给自己及同事增加薪资和红利的欲望。他警告说，贫富之间日渐加大的收入差距，可能会导致不满情绪和社会骚乱。

自身为经济学家的辛格因很大程度上创造帮助刺激印度经济高涨的环境而受到好评。印度许多中产阶级的生活水平显著提高，但是印度三分之一的人口，也就是3亿多人每天的生活费还不到1美元。

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All That Jazz

You may have heard of Kenny G, but what do you really know about jazz? Jazz is a genuinely American art form that has blossomed into a worldwide phenomenon. It is certainly much more than mere background music.

Jazz comes in a wide variety of styles, and has several defining features. The most important of these is improvisation. Jazz musicians do not follow a set piece of music note by note, but make up melodies and chord changes as they play. Such improvisation is based on a musician's creative impulses, and is often inspired by interactions with the other players or the audience. It is this energetic feedback and element of anticipation that gives jazz its incredible dynamism. A piece is never played the same way twice.

The originators of jazz were African-Americans in the early 20th century who fused African rhythms with European ideas of harmony and melody. Jazz's use of rhythm is unique in that it is “syncopated”; that is, the rhythm is irregular. Jazz is also polyrhythmic, which means many rhythms revolve around one basic one.

Another musical genre created by African-Americans, the blues, has heavily influenced jazz as well as rock and roll. About one third of jazz is in blues form with twelve measures in a song and uses ---blue notes,” the flatted third, fifth, and seventh notes of the musical scale.

Jazz has inspired everything from slang such as “cool” and “jazzy”; to dance styles such as tap and swing; to art forms such as filmmaking and beat poetry. Its dynamic nature and strong individual performers have also given rise to different branches of jazz.

Early jazz was centered in New Orleans and had trumpeter Louis Armstrong as its first great soloist. The '30s and '40s saw jazz's sound grow more forceful and invigorating, inciting people to dance. The master of this “big band” or “swing” style was Duke Ellington, thought to be one of America's greatest composers in any genre.

“Bebop” appeared in the 1940s. It introduced more complex melodies, harmonies, and rhythms, as well as more expressive drumming. In the late '40s, Miles Davis ushered in “cool jazz”' s smoother, more harmonic sound. The last of the classic jazz styles, “hard bop,” was more soulful, and sometimes borrowed from R&B and gospel themes.

Later strains of jazz include “fusion,” “bossa nova,” and “funk.” “Smooth jazz,” with Kenny G at its forefront, has proved the most commercially viable form of jazz, although purists scoff at its slick production and lack of improvisation. Regardless of the jazz you have been exposed to, a wealth of it still awaits you. In this era of boy bands, jazz reminds us of what a sublime and rewarding experience listening to music can be.

1. improvisation n. 即兴演出或创作
2. impulse n. 冲动，兴致
3. fuse v. 结合
4. measure n. （此指）小节
5. invigorating a. 令人振奋的
6. strain n. 家系、曲
7. purist n. 纯粹主义者
8. sublime a. 卓越的

“爵”代风华

你也许听说过凯丽?金，但是对爵士乐你真的了解多少呢？爵士乐是一种地道的美国艺术形式，它已经发展成为一种风靡全球的现象。爵士乐绝不仅仅只是背景音乐。

爵士乐以多种风格出现，具有几种可用作定义的特点。其中最重要的一种是即兴演出。爵士乐手不会按照固定的乐谱一个音符一个音符地演奏，而是在演出的时候自编旋律及变化和弦。这样的即兴演出基于乐手的创作冲动，通常是由与其它乐手或与观众间的互动激发起来的。正是这种充满活力的回应和充满期待的成分赋予了爵士乐不可思议的活力。一首乐曲绝不会有两次相同的演奏。

爵士乐的创始人是20世纪初期的非洲裔美国人，他们将非洲的节奏融入欧洲的和声和旋律的概念中去。爵士乐采用“切分”的演奏是很独特的；也就是说，节奏是不规则的。爵士乐也是多重节奏的，即多种节奏围绕一个基本节奏而进行。

非洲裔美国人所创的另一种音乐类型──蓝调，对爵士乐和摇滚乐都有深远的影响。大约有三分之一的爵士乐采用蓝调形式，一首歌有12小节，使用“蓝音”，即把第三、五、七个音阶降半音（如Ｃ大调的Ｅ、Ｇ、Ｂ）。

爵士乐激发了各种灵感，如：从俚语中的“酷”和“奔放”两个词，到舞蹈风格中的踢?舞和摇摆舞（即兴爵士舞），以及电影制片和节拍诗等艺术形式。爵士乐富有活力的性质和有很强感染力的个人表演者也导致了不同流派爵士乐的产生。

早期的爵士乐以新奥尔良为中心，并有出色的首席独奏者小号手路易斯?阿姆斯特朗。30和40年代的爵士乐的乐音变得更加强有力、更加振奋人心，把人们跳舞的情绪调动起来了。“大乐团”和“摇摆乐”的大师艾灵顿公爵，被公认为美国各种音乐类型中最伟大的作曲家之一。

“咆哮爵士”出现在20世纪40年代。它引入了更复杂的曲调、和弦与节奏，还有更富有表现力的爵士鼓。40年代后期，迈尔士?戴维斯开创了乐音更流畅、更和谐的“酷派爵士乐”。最新风格的古典爵士乐“硬式咆哮爵士”就更加热情洋溢了，它有时还会从节奏蓝调和福音书中取材。此后的爵士曲调包括“融合爵士乐”、“波萨诺瓦爵士乐”，以及“方克”。

尽管纯粹主义一派嘲笑它的作品媚俗且缺乏即兴创作，凯丽?金为先锋的“轻柔爵士乐”却证明了它是最具商业竞争力的爵士乐类别。除了你曾接触过的爵士乐，它还有大量的爵士等待着你去发掘。在这个男孩乐队当道的年代，爵士乐让我们记起在聆听音乐时，那种超凡而愉悦的体验是多么美好。

American Slang
barred 无法进入某地
eg:I have been waiting to get into this bar for so long,but every time I try to get in,they make me leave.The way is always barred to me.我等着进这个酒吧已经好久了，可每次我想进去的时候，他们都让我走．总把我拦在外边．
eg:We've been dating for 6 months and still the way into her heart is barred to me. 我们已经约会６个月了，可她依然不对打开心扉．

Classic Clips
out of season 过季 落伍了 未成熟　不是好的季节/时机
eg:Tom Cruise is out of season these days,no one seems to want to put him in their movies again. 汤姆?克鲁斯现在过气了，好像没人想用他拍电影了．
eg:These grapes are not ripe,they must be out of season because they don't taste very good. 这些葡萄还没熟，一定是还没到季节呢，因为不好吃．

be sure of oneself 对自己确信，有把握．
eg:She walks like she is very sure of herself,very tall and proud.
她走路非常有自信，趾高气昂的．
eg:You seem to be so sure of yourself,perhaps you should question your iedeas before you make any decisions.你看起来太过自信，也许你应该在做决定前再考虑一下．

我有话要说：http://www.360abc.com/blog/blog.asp?blogid=1063&viewid=1830

What I’d Like to Be Ten Years from Now

Ever since my high school days, my heart has been set on becoming a surgeon. I am now a student in a medical college, and I am studying with all my might, because there are so may things to, learn about the science of medicine. But I thoroughly enjoy my studies and every day I am amazed at the intricate mechanism of the human anatomy.

I think it is only natural that I have always aspired to become a surgeon, because my father, and his father, were also surgeons. My father is now retried following a brilliant career, and it has always been his dream to have me, his only son, follow in his footsteps.

I still have four more years to go at the university, and after I graduate, I must take the national examinations in order to become a licensed doctor.

As my family is rather well-to-do financially, it is not the prospect of making a lot of money that has propelled my ambition to become a surgeon. Rather, it is my sincere desire to assume a responsible role in society, and save as many human lives as possible through a polished skill in surgery which I hope to obtain by dint of hard endeavors and training.

Ten years’ from now, therefore, I hope to be established as a surgeon in the hospital founded by my grandfather, and carry on the family tradition with efficiency and skill.

这十年中我的愿望

从中学时代起，我心里就一直想做个外科医生。我现在是个医学院学生，尽我所能地在学习，因为医学中要学的太多了。不过我十分喜欢我的功课，每天我都对人体解剖错综复杂的结构感到惊奇。

我认为我会地直渴望成为外科医生是很自然的。因为我父亲及祖父也都是外科医生。我父亲现在已经由辉煌的事业中退休了，他一直希望我这个独生子能跟随他的脚步。

我大学还有四年要念，毕业后得参加全国性的考试以成为合格的医生。

因为我家里经济相当宽裕，因此并非赚大钱的希望驱策我成为外科医生的大志。而是希望能够在社会上担任一个尽职的角色。并希望借由努力及训练，能获得精湛的外科技术，尽可能拯救更多人命。

因此，从现在十年之内，我希望在祖父创建的医院里当一名外科医生，并以效率和技术，延续这个家族传统。

surgeon n.外科医生

mechanism n.结构

anatomy n.解剖；解剖学

propel v.驱策

financially a.财务上

assume vt.担任

by dint of借由

tradition n.传统

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